NHBC
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  • 1 Welcome
    • 1.1 Contact us
    • 1.2 What’s changed
  • 2 Introduction
    • 2.1 The Standards and Technical Requirements
    • 2.2 3D Models
  • 3 General
    • 3.1 Concrete and its reinforcement
      • 3.1.1 Compliance
      • 3.1.2 Provision of information
      • 3.1.3 Storage of materials
      • 3.1.4 Site-mixed concrete
      • 3.1.5 Ready-mixed concrete
      • 3.1.6 Concrete specification
      • 3.1.7 Admixtures
      • 3.1.8 Special types of concrete
      • 3.1.9 Design of reinforced concrete
      • 3.1.10 Installation of reinforcement
      • 3.1.11 Blinding concrete
      • 3.1.12 Formwork
      • 3.1.13 Before concreting
      • 3.1.14 Casting
      • 3.1.15 Curing
      • 3.1.16 Testing
      • 3.1.17 Glossary
      • Figure reference table
    • 3.2 Cold weather working
      • 3.2.1 Compliance
      • 3.2.2 External conditions
      • 3.2.3 Materials
      • 3.2.4 Concreting
      • 3.2.5 Masonry
      • 3.2.6 Rendering, plastering and screeding
      • 3.2.7 Admixtures
      • 3.2.8 Painting
    • 3.3 Timber preservation (natural solid timber)
      • 3.3.1 Compliance
      • 3.3.2 Durability
      • 3.3.3 Sitework
      • 3.3.4 Protection and storage
      • 3.3.5 Treatment of cut surfaces
      • 3.3.6 Compatibility with metal
      • 3.3.7 Further information
      • Figure reference table
  • 4 Foundations
    • 4.1 Land quality – managing ground conditions
      • 4.1.1 Compliance
      • 4.1.2 Initial Assessment – desk study (all sites)
      • 4.1.3 Initial Assessment – walkover survey (all sites)
      • 4.1.4 Initial Assessment – results
      • 4.1.5 Basic Investigation (sites where hazards are not identified or suspected)
      • 4.1.6 Detailed Investigation (sites where hazards are identified or suspected)
      • 4.1.7 Managing the risks (sites where hazards are found)
      • 4.1.8 Unforeseen hazards
      • 4.1.9 Documentation and verification
      • 4.1.10 Guidance for investigations
      • 4.1.11 Further information
      • Figure reference table
    • 4.2 Building near trees
      • 4.2.1 Compliance
      • 4.2.2 Provision of information
      • 4.2.3 Building near trees
      • 4.2.4 The effects of trees on shrinkable soils
      • 4.2.5 Foundations in all soil types
      • 4.2.6 Excavation of foundations
      • 4.2.7 Foundations in shrinkable soils
      • 4.2.8 Design and construction of foundations in shrinkable soils
      • 4.2.9 Foundation depths for specific conditions in shrinkable soils
      • 4.2.10 Heave precautions
      • 4.2.11 New drainage
      • 4.2.12 Method of assessment of foundation depths using charts
      • 4.2.13 Method of assessment of foundation depths using tables
      • 4.2.14 Worked example
      • 4.2.15 Further information
    • 4.3 Strip and trench fill foundations
      • 4.3.1 Compliance
      • 4.3.2 Provision of information
      • 4.3.3 Ground conditions
      • 4.3.4 Hazardous ground
      • 4.3.5 Setting out
      • 4.3.6 Services and drainage
      • 4.3.7 Safe transmission of loads
      • 4.3.8 Sloping ground and stepped foundations
      • 4.3.9 Excavations
      • 4.3.10 Reinforcement
      • 4.3.11 Concrete
      • 4.3.12 Movement joints
      • 4.3.13 Construction joints
    • 4.4 Raft, pile, pier and beam foundations
      • 4.4.1 Compliance
      • 4.4.2 Provision of information
      • 4.4.3 Site conditions
      • 4.4.4 Hazardous ground
      • 4.4.5 Services and drainage
      • 4.4.6 Safe transmission of loads
      • 4.4.7 Construction
      • 4.4.8 Engineer checks
      • 4.4.9 Compressible materials
      • 4.4.10 Reinforcement
      • 4.4.11 Concrete
      • 4.4.12 Movement joints
      • 4.4.13 Resistance to moisture
    • 4.5 Vibratory ground improvement techniques
      • 4.5.1 Compliance
      • 4.5.2 Hazardous sites and ground hazards
      • 4.5.3 Desk study and site investigation
      • 4.5.4 Confirmation of suitability for treatment
      • 4.5.5 Suitability of ground conditions
      • 4.5.6 Compatibility of the ground, design and treatment
      • 4.5.7 Acceptable methods
      • 4.5.8 Materials for use as fill
      • 4.5.9 Granular material
      • 4.5.10 Sitework
      • 4.5.11 Adjacent excavations
      • 4.5.12 Verification of completed treatment
    • 4.6 Engineered fill
      • 4.6.1 Compliance
      • 4.6.2 Provision of information
      • 4.6.3 Hazardous sites and ground hazards
      • 4.6.4 Desk study and ground investigation
      • 4.6.5 Suitability of ground conditions
      • 4.6.6 Materials for use as engineered fill
      • 4.6.7 Design and specification of earthworks
      • 4.6.8 Compatibility of fill with foundations, infrastructure and external works
      • 4.6.9 Acceptable methods of earthworks filling
      • 4.6.10 Site work
      • 4.6.11 Adjacent excavations
      • 4.6.12 Verification of engineered fill
      • 4.6.13 Reporting
      • Figure reference table
  • 5 Substructure, Ground Floors, Drainage and Basements
    • 5.1 Substructure and ground-bearing floors
      • 5.1.1 Compliance
      • 5.1.2 Provision of information
      • 5.1.3 Transfer of loads
      • 5.1.4 Ground conditions
      • 5.1.5 Services and drainage
      • 5.1.6 Ground below fill
      • 5.1.7 Fill below floors
      • 5.1.8 Infill up to 600mm deep
      • 5.1.9 Materials used for fill
      • 5.1.10 Harmful or toxic materials
      • 5.1.11 Regulatory solutions
      • 5.1.12 Walls below the DPC
      • 5.1.13 Durability
      • 5.1.14 Mortar
      • 5.1.15 Wall ties
      • 5.1.16 Blinding
      • 5.1.17 Ground floor slab and concrete
      • 5.1.18 Laying the ground-bearing floor slab
      • 5.1.19 Damp proof course
      • 5.1.20 Damp proofing concrete floors
      • 5.1.21 Thermal insulation
      • 5.1.22 Installation of insulation
      • 5.1.23 Further information
      • Figure reference table
    • 5.2 Suspended ground floors
      • 5.2.1 Compliance
      • 5.2.2 Provision of information
      • 5.2.3 Contaminants
      • 5.2.4 Proprietary systems
      • 5.2.5 Transfer of loads: concrete floors
      • 5.2.6 Reinforced concrete
      • 5.2.7 Construction of suspended concrete ground floors
      • 5.2.8 Transfer of loads: timber floors
      • 5.2.9 Thermal insulation and thermal bridging
      • 5.2.10 Damp proofing and ventilation
      • 5.2.11 Floor finishes
      • 5.2.12 Floor decking
    • 5.3 Drainage below ground
      • 5.3.1 Compliance
      • 5.3.2 Provision of information
      • 5.3.3 Preliminary work
      • 5.3.4 Foul and surface water disposal
      • 5.3.5 Drainage system performance
      • 5.3.6 Ground water drainage
      • 5.3.7 Design to avoid damage and blockages
      • 5.3.8 Durability
      • 5.3.9 Septic tanks and cesspools
      • 5.3.10 Septic tank outputs
      • 5.3.11 Surface water soakaways
      • 5.3.12 Component requirements
      • 5.3.13 Excavation
      • 5.3.14 Protection of pipework
      • 5.3.15 Laying pipework
      • 5.3.16 Protection of work
      • 5.3.17 Testing
    • 5.4 Waterproofing of basements and other below ground structures
      • 5.4.1 Compliance
      • 5.4.2 Provision of information
      • 5.4.3 Waterproofing
      • 5.4.4 Ground conditions
      • 5.4.5 Structural stability
      • 5.4.6 Design considerations
      • 5.4.7 Waterproofing systems
      • 5.4.8 Handling, storage and protection
      • 5.4.9 Buried podiums
      • Figure reference table
  • 6 Superstructure (excluding roofs)
    • 6.1 External masonry walls
      • 6.1.1 Compliance
      • 6.1.2 Provision of information
      • 6.1.3 Structural design
      • 6.1.4 Fire resistance
      • 6.1.5 Acoustic resistance
      • 6.1.6 Exposure
      • 6.1.7 Thermal insulation
      • 6.1.8 Concrete blocks
      • 6.1.9 Bricks
      • 6.1.10 Stone masonry
      • 6.1.11 Construction of masonry walls
      • 6.1.12 Lintels
      • 6.1.13 Materials suitable for mortar
      • 6.1.14 Mortar
      • 6.1.15 Render
      • 6.1.16 Cladding
      • 6.1.17 DPCs and cavity trays
      • 6.1.18 Wall ties, bed joint reinforcements and windposts
      • 6.1.19 Handling materials
      • 6.1.20 Protection of the works during construction
      • Figure reference table
    • 6.2 External timber framed walls
      • 6.2.1 Compliance
      • 6.2.2 Provision of information
      • 6.2.3 Design checking and certification
      • 6.2.4 Load-bearing walls
      • 6.2.5 Fixing the frame
      • 6.2.6 Nails and staples
      • 6.2.7 Sheathing
      • 6.2.8 Differential movement
      • 6.2.9 Fire resistance
      • 6.2.10 Protection from moisture
      • 6.2.11 Timber preservation
      • 6.2.12 Air and vapour control layers
      • 6.2.13 Breather membranes
      • 6.2.14 Wall ties and fixings
      • 6.2.15 Insulation
      • Figure reference table
    • 6.3 Internal walls
      • 6.3.1 Compliance
      • 6.3.2 Provision of information
      • 6.3.3 Supporting load-bearing internal walls
      • 6.3.4 Masonry walls
      • 6.3.5 Load-bearing timber walls
      • 6.3.6 Fire resistance
      • 6.3.7 Sound insulation
      • 6.3.8 Partitions: internal non load-bearing
      • 6.3.9 Construction of timber partitions
      • 6.3.10 Construction of steel framed partitions
      • 6.3.11 Construction of proprietary systems
      • 6.3.12 Plasterboard
      • 6.3.13 Damp proof courses
      • 6.3.14 Components
      • Figure reference table
    • 6.4 Timber and concrete upper floors
      • 6.4.1 Compliance
      • 6.4.2 Provision of information
      • 6.4.3 Upper floor design
      • 6.4.4 Fire spread
      • 6.4.5 Sound insulation
      • 6.4.6 In-situ concrete floors and concreting
      • 6.4.7 Precast concrete
      • 6.4.8 Timber joist spans
      • 6.4.9 Timber joist performance
      • 6.4.10 Construction of timber floors
      • 6.4.11 Joists supported by intermediate walls
      • 6.4.12 Joists connected to steel
      • 6.4.13 Joists into hangers
      • 6.4.14 Timber joist and restraint strap
      • 6.4.15 Strutting
      • 6.4.16 Joists and openings
      • 6.4.17 Multiple joists
      • 6.4.18 Notching and drilling
      • 6.4.19 Floor decking
      • 6.4.20 Floating floors or floors between homes
    • 6.5 Steelwork
      • 6.5.1 Compliance
      • 6.5.2 Design guidance
      • 6.5.3 Steel grade and coatings
      • 6.5.4 Installation and support
      • 6.5.5 Padstones
      • 6.5.6 Connections
      • 6.5.7 Examples
      • Figure reference table
    • 6.6 Staircases
      • 6.6.1 Compliance
      • 6.6.2 Provision of information
      • 6.6.3 Fire precautions
      • 6.6.4 Lighting
      • 6.6.5 Glazing
      • 6.6.6 Structural design
      • 6.6.7 Headroom and width
      • 6.6.8 Design of steps
      • 6.6.9 Landings
      • 6.6.10 Guarding
      • 6.6.11 Handrails
      • 6.6.12 Staircases made from timber and wood-based products
      • 6.6.13 Concrete staircases
      • 6.6.14 Steel staircases
      • 6.6.15 Proprietary staircase units
      • 6.6.16 Protection
      • Figure reference table
    • 6.7 Doors, windows, and glazing
      • 6.7.1 Compliance
      • 6.7.2 Provision of information
      • 6.7.3 In-service performance
      • 6.7.4 Coupled door and window frame assemblies
      • 6.7.5 Glazing
      • 6.7.6 Security
      • 6.7.7 Timber doors and windows
      • 6.7.8 Non-timber doors and windows
      • 6.7.9 Ironmongery
      • 6.7.10 Material storage and protection
      • 6.7.11 Installation
      • 6.7.12 Completed work
      • Figure reference table
    • 6.8 Fireplaces, chimneys and flues
      • 6.8.1 Compliance
      • 6.8.2 Provision of information
      • 6.8.3 Solid fuel – fireplaces and hearths
      • 6.8.4 Solid fuel – combustion air
      • 6.8.5 Solid fuel – flue pipes
      • 6.8.6 Solid fuel – chimneys
      • 6.8.7 Solid fuel – outlets and terminals
      • 6.8.8 Gas – fireplaces and hearths
      • 6.8.9 Gas – combustion air
      • 6.8.10 Gas – flue pipes
      • 6.8.11 Gas – chimneys
      • 6.8.12 Gas – outlets and terminals
      • 6.8.13 Oil – fireplaces and hearths
      • 6.8.14 Oil – combustion air
      • 6.8.15 Oil – flue pipes
      • 6.8.16 Oil – chimneys
      • 6.8.17 Oil – outlets and terminals
      • 6.8.18 All – fireplaces and hearths
      • 6.8.19 All – fireplace surrounds
      • 6.8.20 All – flue pipes
      • 6.8.21 All – flue liners
      • 6.8.22 All – flues
      • 6.8.23 All – chimneys
      • 6.8.24 Masonry
      • 6.8.25 Mortar
      • 6.8.26 DPC
      • 6.8.27 Flashings
      • 6.8.28 Terminals
      • 6.8.29 Flue testing
      • 6.8.30 Further information
    • 6.9 Curtain walling and cladding
      • 6.9.1 Compliance
      • 6.9.2 Provision of information
      • 6.9.3 Certification
      • 6.9.4 Loads
      • 6.9.5 Support and fixings
      • 6.9.6 Durability
      • 6.9.7 Interfaces
      • 6.9.8 Insulation
      • 6.9.9 Damp proofing and vapour control
      • 6.9.10 Installation and tolerances
      • 6.9.11 Electrical continuity and earth bonding
      • 6.9.12 Maintenance
      • 6.9.13 Glazing, gaskets and sealants
      • 6.9.14 Cavity barriers and firestops
      • 6.9.15 Ventilation screens
      • 6.9.16 Handling and storage
      • 6.9.17 Curtain walling
      • 6.9.18 Rainscreen cladding
      • 6.9.19 Insulated render and brick slip cladding
    • 6.10 Light steel framed walls and floors
      • 6.10.1 Compliance
      • 6.10.2 Provision of information
      • 6.10.3 Structural certification
      • 6.10.4 Structural design of load-bearing floors and walls
      • 6.10.5 Structural design of infill walls
      • 6.10.6 Roofs
      • 6.10.7 Steel and fixings
      • 6.10.8 Detailing of steel joists
      • 6.10.9 Restraint
      • 6.10.10 Construction of load-bearing walls and external infill walls
      • 6.10.11 Interfaces with staircases
      • 6.10.12 Fixing floor decking and ceilings
      • 6.10.13 Other design issues
      • 6.10.14 Behaviour in relation to fire
      • 6.10.15 Acoustic performance
      • 6.10.16 Moisture control
      • 6.10.17 Insulation
      • 6.10.18 Air and vapour control layers
      • 6.10.19 Breather membranes
      • 6.10.20 Cladding, lining and sheathing boards
      • 6.10.21 Wall ties
      • 6.10.22 Services
      • 6.10.23 Further information
      • Figure reference table
    • 6.11 Render
      • 6.11.1 Compliance
      • 6.11.2 Provision of information
      • 6.11.3 Weather conditions
      • 6.11.4 Backgrounds
      • 6.11.5 Accommodation of movement
      • 6.11.6 Mixes
      • 6.11.7 Detailing
      • 6.11.8 Render onto board backgrounds
      • 6.11.9 Finishes
      • Figure reference table
  • 7 Roofs
    • 7.1 Flat roofs, terraces and balconies
      • 7.1.1 Compliance
      • 7.1.2 Provision of information
      • 7.1.3 Flat roof, terrace and balcony general design
      • 7.1.4 Drainage
      • 7.1.5 Flat roof, terrace and balcony structural design
      • 7.1.6 Timber structure and deck
      • 7.1.7 Concrete decks
      • 7.1.8 Profiled self-supporting metal roof decks
      • 7.1.9 Profiled self-supporting metal roofing
      • 7.1.10 Thermal insulation and vapour control
      • 7.1.11 Waterproofing layer and surface treatments
      • 7.1.12 Green and biodiverse (brown roofs) – including roof gardens
      • 7.1.13 Blue roofs
      • 7.1.14 Raised and buried podiums
      • 7.1.15 Detailing of flat roofs
      • 7.1.16 Accessible thresholds and upstands
      • 7.1.17 Metal balcony decking systems
      • 7.1.18 Parapets and guarding to terraces and balconies
    • 7.2 Pitched roofs
      • 7.2.1 Compliance
      • 7.2.2 Provision of information
      • 7.2.3 Design of pitched roofs
      • 7.2.4 Protection of trusses
      • 7.2.5 Durability
      • 7.2.6 Wall plates
      • 7.2.7 Joints and connections
      • 7.2.8 Restraint
      • 7.2.9 Bracing for trussed rafter roofs
      • 7.2.10 Strutting for site formed attic trusses and cut roofs that form a floor
      • 7.2.11 Support for equipment
      • 7.2.12 Access
      • 7.2.13 Dormer construction
      • 7.2.14 Underlay, sarking boards and sheets
      • 7.2.15 Ventilation, vapour control and insulation
      • 7.2.16 Fire-stopping and cavity barriers
      • 7.2.17 Battens
      • 7.2.18 Roof coverings
      • 7.2.19 Fixing tiles and slates
      • 7.2.20 Weathering details
      • 7.2.21 Valleys and hidden gutters
      • 7.2.22 Drainage
      • 7.2.23 Fascias and trim
      • 7.2.24 Spandrel panels in cold roofs
      • 7.2.25 Roof cassette systems
      • 7.2.26 Solar roof panels
      • Figure reference table
  • 8 Services
    • 8.1 Internal services
      • 8.1.1 Compliance
      • 8.1.2 Provision of information
      • 8.1.3 Water services and supply
      • 8.1.4 Cold water storage
      • 8.1.5 Gas services
      • 8.1.6 Electrical services
      • 8.1.7 Meter boxes
      • 8.1.8 Hot water services
      • 8.1.9 Unvented storage systems
      • 8.1.10 Soil and waste systems internal
      • Figure reference table
    • 8.2 Electrical generating technologies
      • 8.2.1 Solar photovoltaics (PV)
        • 8.2.1.1 Compliance
        • 8.2.1.2 Provision of information
        • 8.2.1.3 System design
        • 8.2.1.4 Building integration
        • 8.2.1.5 Fixing
        • 8.2.1.6 Access
        • 8.2.1.7 Electrical installation requirements
        • 8.2.1.8 Handling and storage
        • 8.2.1.9 Sequence of work
        • Figure reference table
      • 8.2.2 Wind turbines
        • 8.2.2.1 Compliance
        • 8.2.2.2 Provision of information
        • 8.2.2.3 System design
        • 8.2.2.4 Building integration
        • 8.2.2.5 Fixing
        • 8.2.2.6 Access
        • 8.2.2.7 Electrical installation requirements
        • 8.2.2.8 Handling and storage
        • 8.2.2.9 Sequence of work
        • Figure reference table
    • 8.3 Space heating systems
      • 8.3.1 Space heating
        • 8.3.1.1 Requirements
      • 8.3.2 Gas heating appliances
        • 8.3.2.1 Compliance
        • 8.3.2.2 Provision of information
        • 8.3.2.3 System design
        • 8.3.2.4 Building integration
        • 8.3.2.5 Fixing
        • 8.3.2.6 Access
        • 8.3.2.7 Electrical installation requirements
        • 8.3.2.8 Handling and storage
        • 8.3.2.9 Sequence of work
      • 8.3.3 Heat pumps
        • 8.3.3.1 Compliance
        • 8.3.3.2 Provision of information
        • 8.3.3.3 System design
        • 8.3.3.4 Pipes, insulation and protection from cold
        • 8.3.3.5 Ground collectors
        • 8.3.3.6 Building integration
        • 8.3.3.7 Fixing
        • 8.3.3.8 Access
        • 8.3.3.9 Electrical installation requirements
        • 8.3.3.10 Handling and storage
        • 8.3.3.11 Sequence of work
        • Figure reference table
      • 8.3.4 Biomass
        • 8.3.4.1 Compliance
        • 8.3.4.2 Clean air act
        • 8.3.4.3 Fuel storage
        • Figure reference table
    • 8.4 Ventilation
      • 8.4.1 Mechanical ventilation and heat recovery (MVHR)
        • 8.4.1.1 Compliance
        • 8.4.1.2 Provision of information
        • 8.4.1.3 System design
        • 8.4.1.4 Acoustics
        • 8.4.1.5 Building integration
        • 8.4.1.6 Ductwork
        • 8.4.1.7 Fixing and jointing of ductwork
        • 8.4.1.8 Access and operation
        • 8.4.1.9 Electrical installation requirements
        • 8.4.1.10 Handling and storage
        • 8.4.1.11 Commissioning and balancing
        • 8.4.1.12 Sequence of work
        • Figure reference tabl
      • 8.4.2 Mechanical extract ventilation systems (MEV)
        • 8.4.2.1 Compliance
        • 8.4.2.2 Provision of information
        • 8.4.2.3 System design
        • 8.4.2.4 Acoustics
        • 8.4.2.5 Building integration
        • 8.4.2.6 Ductwork
        • 8.4.2.7 Fixing and jointing of ductwork
        • 8.4.2.8 Access
        • 8.4.2.9 Electrical installation requirements
        • 8.4.2.10 Handling and storage
        • 8.4.2.11 Commissioning and balancing
        • 8.4.2.12 Sequence of work
        • Figure reference table
    • 8.5 LZC Hot water systems
      • 8.5.1 Solar thermal hot water systems
        • 8.5.1.1 Compliance
        • 8.5.1.2 Provision of information
        • 8.5.1.3 System design
        • 8.5.1.4 Safe discharge
        • 8.5.1.5 Building integration
        • 8.5.1.6 Fixing
        • 8.5.1.7 Access
        • 8.5.1.8 Electrical installation requirements
        • 8.5.1.9 Handling and storage
        • 8.5.1.10 Handover requirements
        • 8.5.1.11 Sequence of work
        • Figure reference table
    • 8.6 Installation and commissioning
      • 8.6.1 Compliance
      • 8.6.2 Installation
      • 8.6.3 Insulation to services
      • 8.6.4 Insulation performance
      • 8.6.5 Testing and commissioning
      • 8.6.6 Handover requirements
      • Figure reference table
  • 9 Finishes
    • 9.1 A consistent approach to finishes
      • 9.1.1 Compliance
      • 9.1.2 External walls
      • 9.1.3 Internal walls and ceilings
      • 9.1.4 Doors and windows
      • 9.1.5 Floors
      • 9.1.6 Glazing
      • 9.1.7 Ceramic, concrete, terrazzo and similar tile finishes
      • 9.1.8 Fitted furniture
      • 9.1.9 Joint sealants
      • 9.1.10 Paint finishes
      • 9.1.11 Sanitary ware
      • 9.1.12 Other surfaces and components
      • 9.1.13 Pitched roof coverings
      • 9.1.14 Garages
      • 9.1.15 External works
      • 9.1.16 Further information
      • Figure reference table
    • 9.2 Wall and ceiling finishes
      • 9.2.1 Compliance
      • 9.2.2 Provision of information
      • 9.2.3 Plastering
      • 9.2.4 Dry lining
      • 9.2.5 Ceramic wall tiling
      • Figure reference table
    • 9.3 Floor finishes
      • 9.3.1 Compliance
      • 9.3.2 Provision of information
      • 9.3.3 Insulation
      • 9.3.4 Screed
      • 9.3.5 Ceramic, concrete, terrazzo and similar tile finishes
      • 9.3.6 Wood finishes
      • 9.3.7 Flexible sheet and flexible tile finishes
      • 9.3.8 Asphalt finishes
      • 9.3.9 Staircase finishes
      • Figure reference table
    • 9.4 Finishes and fitments
      • 9.4.1 Compliance
      • 9.4.2 Provision of information
      • 9.4.3 General provisions – cupboards and fitments
      • 9.4.4 Finishings and internal trim
      • 9.4.5 Joinery
      • 9.4.6 Airing cupboards, cupboards, worktops and fitments
      • 9.4.7 Ironmongery, prefabricated items and other materials
      • 9.4.8 Protection and handover
      • Figure reference table
    • 9.5 Painting and decorating
      • 9.5.1 Compliance
      • 9.5.2 Provision of information
      • 9.5.3 Storage
      • 9.5.4 Conditions for painting and decorating
      • 9.5.5 Timber
      • 9.5.6 Steel
      • 9.5.7 Walls
      • 9.5.8 Wallpapering
      • 9.5.9 Other surfaces
      • 9.5.10 Completed painting and decorating
  • 10 External works
    • 10.1 Garages
      • 10.1.1 Compliance
      • 10.1.2 Provision of information
      • 10.1.3 Garage foundations
      • 10.1.4 Garage floors
      • 10.1.5 Garage walls
      • 10.1.6 Resistance to fire spread
      • 10.1.7 Security
      • 10.1.8 Doors and windows
      • 10.1.9 Garage roofs
      • 10.1.10 Permanent prefabricated garages and carports
      • 10.1.11 Services
      • Figure reference table
    • 10.2 Drives, paths and landscaping
      • 10.2.1 Compliance
      • 10.2.2 Provision of information
      • 10.2.3 Stability
      • 10.2.4 Freestanding walls and retaining structures
      • 10.2.5 Guarding and steps
      • 10.2.6 Drives, paths and landscaping
      • 10.2.7 Materials
      • 10.2.8 Garden areas within 3m of the home
      • 10.2.9 Garden areas
      • 10.2.10 External decking
      • 10.2.11 Landscaping
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6.11 Render

6.11.7 Detailing

Rendering shall be detailed to ensure appropriate weathertightness and durability. Issues to be considered include:

  1. copings, cappings and sills
  2. abutments and interfaces
  3. weepholes
  4. detailing at openings
  5. exposed elements
  6. ancillary items
  7. render below the DPC
  8. resistance to sulfate attack.

Copings, cappings or sills#

Render should be protected from damage by copings, cappings or sills made of a material of low permeability or with suitably detailed DPCs. A minimum 40mm projection with a throating or drip detail should be provided to all copings, cappings and sills.

Extending sills or sub-sills beyond window reveals can help to disperse water and prevent staining.

Figure 3: Detailing of copings to protect render

Figure 3: Detailing of copings to protect render

Figure 4: Detailing of capings to protect render

Figure 4: Detailing of capings to protect render

Abutments and interfaces#

Where raked roof abutments occur against a rendered masonry wall, preformed cavity trays and appropriate flashings should be provided. Clauses 6.1.17 and 7.2.20 contain guidance for stepped cavity trays and flashings to masonry walls.

Cavity trays with stop ends are required above all openings. Where required a minimum of two weepholes per opening should be provided.

A site made or preformed cavity tray should be provided at horizontal abutments with weepholes at maximum 1m centres.

Render abutting exposed features, such as stone string courses or quoins, should be finished neatly without gaps.

Abutments between render and exposed masonry should be detailed to prevent moisture passing in behind the render or adversely affecting the building.

When rendering into window or door frames, the render should be stopped against a bead and sealed, or a bead of sealant applied between the frame and render.

Weepholes#

Weepholes should be provided:

  • where required for ventilation to timber frame construction
  • to cavity trays in parapet walls and horizontal roof abutments at not more than 1m centres
  • to the last tray at stepped abutments
  • in severe or very severe exposure zones where rendering is returned into the window or door head (weepholes are not required where the render is not returned).

To prevent staining, weepholes should be of a type which restricts the entry of wind-driven rain.

Figure 5: Provision of weepholes to window head

Figure 5: Provision of weepholes to window head

Detailing at openings#

Design features around openings and at the head of the rendering should provide shelter and help shed water away from the surface below.

In areas of very severe exposure, and in Scotland, a check reveal should be provided at openings.

Proprietary render systems should be detailed at abutments in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Figure 6: Check reveal detail

Figure 6: Check reveal detail

Exposed elements#

Render to exposed masonry elements, such as parapets, freestanding walls, pillars, retaining walls or chimneys, should be of a type appropriate for severe exposure conditions.

When rendering both sides of freestanding or parapet walls of single leaf construction, care should be taken to prevent damage caused by moisture becoming trapped. For example:

  • the detailing should prevent the masonry from becoming saturated
  • the wall should be protected from rain during construction
  • rendering both sides of single leaf walls in areas of very severe exposure to frost attack should be avoided (see Clause 6.1.6c).

Bricks with S1 or S0 designation are not recommended for exposed elements that are to be rendered.

Ancillary items#

Stop beads and render stops should be austenitic stainless steel or PVC. Long runs of steel beads and stops should be avoided due to their expansion potential.

Corner beads should have an appropriate projection to prevent thin tapering of the render which reduces its overall thickness.

Beads should be:

  • adhesive-fixed using a material appropriate for external use and in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations, or
  • mechanically fixed using suitably durable fixings.

Render below the DPC#

To prevent damage caused by prolonged periods of wetting, it is preferable to stop the render at DPC level. Where rendering is continued below the DPC, the following precautions should be taken:

  • for site-made render, use a stronger mix (M4) that is sulfate resisting, or
  • factory-made render used in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Consideration should be given to providing:

  • appropriate drainage installed along the perimeter or ground falling away from the building
  • adjacent surface finishes which do not promote splashing.

Admixtures may be required to enhance performance.

Resistance to sulfate attack#

To prevent sulfate attack, the wall construction should restrict moisture from entering into the background and having a detrimental effect on the performance of the render.

When detailing between the render and exposed brickwork, it is advisable to use appropriate materials resistant to, or without sources of, sulfate.

6.11.6 Mixes 6.11.8 Render onto board backgrounds

Last updated: 2nd January 2024

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Technical Disclaimer: The NHBC Standards are produced by NHBC as guidance solely for our builder customers as to how to interpret the technical requirements in relation to the warranty cover provided by NHBC under its Buildmark, Buildmark Choice, Buildmark Link, Buildmark Solo, Buildmark Connect or any similar product from time to time. It has not been created or intended for distribution or use outside of that purpose. The information contained in the NHBC Standards do not constitute advice and is not to be relied upon by any third party. Nothing in the NHBC Standards is intended to, nor should it be taken to, create any legal or contractual relationship. Any third party who chooses to rely upon the information contained in the NHBC Standards shall do so entirely at their own risk and NHBC accepts no duty of care or liability, however caused, in connection with its use or reliance by any third party.